Due to the current global trends, it is likely that such illnesses will become even more prevalent in the future. In developed countries, there is an increase in illnesses that are linked with old age, such as cardiovascular diseases and decreased cognitive abilities. The percentage of the global population that is 65 years of age and older is expected to rise from 10% to 16% by 2050. The world is likely to face a demographic crisis due to aging populations. Although further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of these compounds and optimize their therapeutic potential, the available evidence suggests that proanthocyanins are promising as natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The findings of various studies suggest that proanthocyanins, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds possess a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic effects. Compounds such as anthocyanins reach the accumulation peak when the berry is fully ripe, while proanthocyanins, flavonols, and arbutin derivatives are found in the highest concentrations during the earlier stages of development. Accumulation of these compounds varies depending on the fruit development stage. In addition to being delicious, these berries are rich in nutrients, minerals, vitamins (A, B1, B2, B3, C, and others), and several bioactive compounds, including phenolic antioxidants such as arbutin, catechin, anthocyanidins and procyanidins, phenolic acids, and others. Dietary consumption of these berries has been recognized to be beneficial for human health for a long time. Lingonberries represent one of the most important and high-valued groups of modern-day “superfoods”. Lingonberry fruit extracts have also been proven to be highly effective antimicrobial agents. Due to their medicinal properties, historically, they have been used in traditional medicine to treat fever and oral and urinary tract infections. Lingonberry fruits are small red berries that have a unique taste. Wild lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is a small evergreen shrub that is common in the northern parts of Europe and Asia. Most of the berries from the Vaccinium genus are very rich in polyphenolics, such as anthocyanins. Due to this adaptation to stresses such as cool climate, many of the fruits growing in the northern hemisphere are very beneficial to the human diet. Many polyphenolic compounds are synthesized as a survival adaptation in response to external abiotic stresses. Landscape and climate have a significant impact on the properties of fruits. depending on their place of geographical origin. The results indicated a geomorphological influence on the biochemical and physicochemical composition of wild Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report on the evaluation of the biologically active compounds of wild lingonberries from different Northern European countries based on one laboratory’s validated methods. The results may contribute to the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals with potential health benefits in the future. Physicochemical properties (acidity, soluble solids, color) of wild Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the nutritional (biologically active compounds (phenolic (477–775 mg/100 g fw), anthocyanins (20–57 mg/100 g fw), pro-anthocyanidins (condensed tannins (141–269 mg/100 g fw)) and antioxidant activity in different systems (ABTS In order to increase the reliability of the findings, this study was conducted with samples collected in four regions in Northern Europe (Norway, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania) and analyzed in a single laboratory using a standardized methodology. The accumulation of plant secondary metabolites is extremely dependent on climate and other environmental conditions. berries because of their substantial potential to be adapted for the development of innovative food and pharmaceutical applications. In recent years, much attention has been devoted to Vaccinium L.
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